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人權——普遍而不可分割

2013年3月11日

德國發展媒體獎致力於強調人權和發展之間的緊密聯繫,特別關注受歧視的弱勢群體。

A schoolgirl participates in a lesson in Kilifi, approximately 50 kilomtres north-east of Mombasa on June 23, 2010, where an initiative called 'Moving the Goalspost', MTG, has sponsored female students from the Kilifi district where drop-out rates due to early marriages, teen pregnancy and a traditional bias towards educating male siblings over female, are high. Using the sport of football to recruit pre and teen-aged girls out of school, MTG has managed to maintain hundreds of girls in school whom it also recruits into its all-female soccer teams to compete at district level tournaments that has been populalrly embraced by the local community and changed perceptions on the value of the girl-child. Current estimates by UNICEF place the number of out-of-school children at 93 million the majority of these being girls, and almost 80 per cent of them live in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. AFP PHOTO / Tony KARUMBA (Photo credit should read TONY KARUMBA/AFP/Getty Images)
Afrika Schule Mädchen Kilifi Afrika Klassenzimmer Mombasa圖片來源: AFP/Getty Images

人權和發展彼此緊密相關,不可分離。保護人權是自由發展的基礎。發展的進程也是人們要求、行使和實現權利的一個重要前提。在侵犯人權的地方,是無法實現可持續發展的。其中主要受影響的人群是女性、少數民族、殘疾人或極端貧困人口,即極易受到歧視的人群。

人權具有普世性。所有人都享有人權所包含的基本權利和基本自由,如享受飲食權、受教育權、社會參與權等。國家有義務保障這些公民理應享有的權利。人權是不可分割的:言論自由權和政治參與權和飲食權、受教育權和健康權一樣重要。

圖片來源: Getty Images

用「人權的眼光」看發展的意思是,不只看到不足之處也能認清造成貧困和排斥的結構性根源。貧困不僅僅指貧民窟裡隨處可見的種種不幸,在許多情況下也是藐視人權的結果:基本資源、醫療衞生、接受教育、司法機構對這些人來說遙不可及。他們也不能參與任何政治活動。這種排斥與隔離一般來說只會給他們帶來更多的消極影響。

從人權的角度看發展可以幫助找出問題的根源並盡可能地解決這些問題。

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